Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a condition that happens when blood vessels or nerves are squeezed in a small space near the lower neck and upper chest—called the thoracic outlet. This space lies between the collarbone and the first rib. When something in this space presses on the arteries or veins, it can lead to a type of TOS known as arterial or venous TOS.
One of the common causes of this problem is something called a cervical rib – an extra rib that some people are born with. Not everyone with a cervical rib has symptoms, but in some people, it can press on nearby blood vessels and cause serious issues.
In arterial TOS, the artery that carries blood to your arm (called the subclavian artery) gets compressed. Over time, this pressure can damage the artery wall, narrow the blood flow, and even cause clots or small aneurysms (ballooning of the artery).
Common symptoms include:
These symptoms happen because the arm isn’t getting enough oxygen-rich blood.
In venous TOS, the large vein that carries blood from the arm back to the heart (called the subclavian vein) gets compressed. This can lead to swelling and even blood clots.
Symptoms of venous TOS may include:
This type often occurs in young, healthy people after heavy lifting or repetitive arm movements, like gym workouts or sports. A clot in this vein is sometimes called effort thrombosis or Paget-Schroetter syndrome.
A cervical rib is an extra rib that forms above the first rib. Not everyone has it – it’s a rare condition. In some people, this extra bone or its attached tissue presses on the artery or vein in the thoracic outlet and causes symptoms. Sometimes, even without a full rib, a thickened band of tissue can cause similar problems.
Your doctor may suspect TOS based on your symptoms and physical exam. Tests such as ultrasound, CT angiography, MRI, or venography may be done to look at the blood flow in your arm and detect any blockages, clots, or compression.
Treatment depends on the type of TOS:
If you have arm pain, swelling, color changes, or feel something just isn’t right – especially after exercise – don’t ignore it. Talk to a vascular surgeon and get the right evaluation. TOS is treatable, especially when caught early.
At our clinic, We offer the latest therapies, honest guidance, and personalized care. If you or your loved one is living with Thoracic Outlet And Cervical Rib, don’t delay. Book an appointment and let’s plan the best way forward — together
